India can't wish away coal - but can it be made cleaner?
Original Publication Time: July 14, 2025
Despite ongoing efforts to transition to cleaner energy sources, India is heavily reliant on coal for its energy needs, accounting for over 70% of the country's power generation. However, this reliance on coal also brings significant environmental and health challenges, highlighting the need for cleaner coal technologies.
Exploring the Limitations of Coal
Currently, the country is highly dependent on coal-fired power plants, which produce harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. These emissions contribute to a wide range of health issues, including respiratory diseases, heart problems, and even premature deaths.
The environmental impact of coal use extends beyond just emissions from power plants. Coal extraction and transportation operations can cause habitat destruction and pollution, exacerbating the environmental harm caused by the sector.
The Search for a Cleaner Future
Recognizing the dangers of its heavy coal consumption, India has begun exploring alternatives to reduce its dependence on this fossil fuel. The country has made significant strides in renewable energy, aiming to increase the share of renewable energy sources in its power generation mix.
Solar energy has become a particular focus, with the Indian government implementing ambitious projects like the National Solar Mission to promote the adoption of solar power. These initiatives have helped drive down costs and increase the use of renewable energy across the country.
The Case for Clean Coal Technologies
While the move towards renewable energy is crucial, complete reliance on alternative sources may not be feasible in the short term. For the foreseeable future, coal will continue to play a significant role in India's energy mix.
This makes the case for implementing clean coal technologies stronger than ever. Technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCUS) can help mitigate the environmental impact of coal use by capturing and storing carbon dioxide emissions, preventing them from entering the atmosphere.
India's path forward involves balancing its reliance on coal with sustainable practices and clean energy initiatives. While the country may not be able to wish away coal entirely, by investing in cleaner technologies and exploring renewable sources, it can reduce its environmental footprint and create a more sustainable future for its citizens and the planet.
Tags
- coal energy
- renewable energy
- india
- environmental sustainability
